Bring Back the Ephemeral

If you don’t recognize the name, Brian Eno was one of the original members of Roxy Music. They were pioneers in what I call Art School Rock. Eno drifted away from Roxy Music after a couple of records, and set up shop as a deep thinker about shallow music. He championed a style called Ambient Music. In some ways, it’s not even music. It’s just roughly organized sounds. It mostly doesn’t have definable rhythm, melody, chordal progressions, and all the things that normal people associate with listenable music. There’s the rub. There’s lots of organized noise in our world, and it can’t all be called music. To give one example, Eno composed this:

Because Windows 95 use was so widespread, Eno might have been the most listened-to composer in the world at the time. That sort of proves his point, that background sounds matter, and should be selected with as much care as the Top 40.

The quote up top is interesting to me, and trenchant:

Once music ceases to be ephemeral – always disappearing – and becomes instead material… it leaves the condition of traditional music and enters the condition of painting. It becomes a painting, existing as material in space, not immaterial in time.

I’ve made this point myself, in my hamfisted way. Eno is talking about all recorded music, I think. The act of recording it makes it A Thing, and a different kind of thing than it was when it was being performed live. The idea for Ambient  Music is older than recorded music, though. Erik Satie called his compositions Furniture Music. He composed music that was intended to just fade into the background, or as he said, become part of the furniture. That was the style, but it still had to be performed live.

Beats the hell out of hearing Bad Company records playing on the muzak speakers in the Walmart.

A lot of musicians besides Eno have given the topic a lot of thought. I’ve heard Donald Fagen, who is one of the most precise (anal, really) composers of pop/jazz/rock material I can think of, express his interest in music that isn’t really music. Jingles, muzak, the bumpers played between scenes on TV shows, theme songs, and that sort of thing.

I think that recorded music has killed music performed live. The ephemeral nature of music is gone, and no one hears very much music that isn’t coming out of a machine. It’s changed what music is for most people, in the way Eno was talking about. I go back to Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band. It’s the first record album I can think of that couldn’t practically be reproduced live by the pop musicians who made it, or anyone else for that matter. There are tape loops playing backwards on it, for instance. George Martin and the Beatles were deliberately making an artifact, not a recording of a performance.

That sent the ephemeral quality of pop right out the window. The production values of music trumped every other value of their appeal. They were no longer written to be performed, they were recorded to be played on machines. And as you know, the machines to play the music and other noises so saturate our lives that there’s no escaping them. The gas pumps play music. People wear noise cancelling headphones to drown out the constant ambient sounds and inject their own playlist into their heads instead. We’re not exposed to it; we’re marinated in it. Now that Ai produces the stuff by the metric carload, they’ll be no end to it.

Eno doesn’t mind that music ceases to be ephemeral. He’s arguing that it needs to be approached differently, because it has become different. I do mind, though. I have always liked music made fresh daily, as it were. I used to play live music for mostly live audiences. I watched the entire industry of performing music in bands in front of an audience die on the vine, right as I was doing it. Covid was just the stake through the heart and the garlic. It was already dead. Now there’s no place to play, and precious few people who can be entertaining live, anyway. I discount arena concerts out of hand. It’s not really a live performance. The equipment to fill an arena is so complicated that the noises that reach the audience have only a passing resemblance to the sounds the musicians are making. Milli Vanilli were honest compared to the audio spackle and pitch correction arena bands rely on.

Even if the bands could play something real, the audience doesn’t treat it like an ephemeral, enjoyable experience anyway. Look at any notable arena performance, and every single person in the audience is doing the Steve Jobs Hitler salute with their phone. It’s not real to them until it’s recorded.

We went out on Sunday night. The local corner cantina, the Dzalbay, had a jazz jam session. In the US, they have open mike nights of the same stripe, and they’re generally horrible, one step past karaoke. The people who participate simply want an audience that can’t leave, because they’re also waiting to inflict their favorite song on anyone deaf enough to stay and listen to it. The Dzalbay ain’t like that.

Man, everybody who played was a stone cold monster. It was a cutting contest  without a hint of cutting. Not a lot of showing off, just an attempt to make music together, fresh, ephemeral, right in front of you. Music played live with no gimmicks is like watching a tightrope walker. You’re tuned in, maybe rooting them on, perhaps a little anxious, wondering if they might fail.It lends a sense of excitement that’s missing when guys are just spinning records.

Like everywhere we go in town, it’s free to get in, and the beer is cheap. I hated the guitar player a little, because at first I thought he was looking at a chord chart on the floor while he was blazing away, but my wife pointed out that he was just looking at the floor, because the supercharged version of Autumn Leaves, and some Ornette Coleman weirdness didn’t require him to look at his hands or anything. Then the fellow sitting next to me told me that the guitar player was also a luthier, and had made his own guitar, and I really had to hate him then, out of mad respect.

L. P. Hartley penned the semi-famous line: The past is a foreign country; they do things differently there. I think he got it wrong. I’ll fix it right now: The foreign country is the past; they do things the way I remember them.

Out of the (Telecaster) Loop

Canteloupe Island is a Herbie Hancock composition, if memory serves. As a piece of music, it’s little more than an excuse to solo. A groove. These fellows in the video take full advantage of its possibilities. I’ve never heard of any of those guys, but that’s OK. They might not have heard of me, either. I don’t care about any of that, exactly. Let’s talk about what’s important. What the hell are they doing playing Fender Telecasters? Jazz players don’t play Telecasters. Well, they didn’t.

If you’re only partially aware of guitar brands and models, I’ll try to explain it a little in my haphazard and simple-minded way. There are only two kinds of electric guitars: Fenders and Gibsons. They’re the Fords and Chevys of the musical world. Other brands can usually be slotted somewhere in the shade that one or the other of these two manufacturers throws. Musical guys generally become devotees of one or the other, and have a tendency to stick with them. (Fender) Stratocasters or (Gibson)Les Pauls was always the big bifurcation in rock music, for instance.

Before there were Stratocasters, there were Telecasters, the guitars you see in the video. In a way, before every kind of solid body electric guitar, there were Telecasters. Other people tried to make solid body guitars with pickups for amplification before Teles, but they were experiments, one-offs, or failures on the fiscal front. Leo Fender and his friends designed, built, and most importantly, sold Telecasters, and they became the Ur-guitar. Everything else was a riff off of them.

Before all this, guitars were made like violins and other similar stringed instruments. They were hollow, often with a carved (arch) top, with a neck that was permanently affixed to the body. They were acoustic. There was an arms race to make them louder for a long while, even though they were acoustic. If you’ve ever played the sort of guitar you see Django Reinhardt play, you’d know those things are comparatively loud, and the treble they produce cuts through the noise of a whole band. But no matter how big and boomy the box got, it couldn’t compete with amplified instruments.

So dudes started sticking electronic pickups in various configurations into arch top (Spanish) guitars, and plugging them into amplifiers. Gibson started making them like that right from the factory, and had a hit with the ES-150 and similar models. The first true electric guitar soloist, Charlie Christian, popularized them.

There is a problem with these guitars: feedback. Some of the noise you’re making bounces around inside them, and comes out a little later. That can lead to the various screeches and shrieks and whistles and hums you hear from public address systems used to make most bands louder and even less appealing. It also made the tone sort of fuzzy, sometimes in a nice, warm way. Other times it was just fuzzy. For example, my brother played a Gibson ES 330 back in the day.  It was popular with blues bands and jazz kids and Chuck Berry sorta dudes. The guitar’s tendency to feed back was legendary, though, and forced him to stuff hand towels in the F-holes to shut it up when gigging.

There had to be a better way. Guys wanted to play at bigger volumes in larger bands and needed something simpler and more robust to carry around. The Telecaster was it.

The Telecaster is a barbarous guitar, and I mean that in a good way. Compared to fussy arch top electrified jazz guitars, it’s a boat oar. Leo Fender basically changed everything about building a guitar with this design. Why not cut the body out of a solid block of wood instead of gluing up a bunch of fiddly bits? Why not just bolt (screw, really) the neck onto the body? Why can’t we just rout channels out of the front of the guitar and run all the wires the easy way, instead of fishing around through the F-holes or the back of the guitar to do it? Just cover the whole mess with a huge plastic pick guard and be done with it. Why glue a fancy expensive piece of wood on top of the neck and then cut fret slots in it when you can cut fret slots right in the one-piece neck? Why glue little wings on the neck head to spread the tuning pegs out when you can line them up in a row on the one-piece neck? Why not screw the pickup right to the tailpiece and make it an assembly that can be screwed to the guitar in one shot? Later on, we can add a second pickup just below the neck and get a less trebly tone, with a switch to go back and forth between pickups, or turn them both on.

All electric guitars are based on the Telecaster, when you get right down to it. It was eventually superseded by the Stratocaster in popularity (you can take a video tour of the factory making Strats in 1959 here), but they still make Telecasters, and they’re still quite popular. But not for jazz. Well, as far as I know. Er, knew.

The video above isn’t where I noticed the phenomenon of jazz players using Telecasters. I’m way down Mexico way, and I’ve already seen two jazz combos with the guitarists playing Telecasters. I was fuddled. Befuddled, even. The Telecaster was designed and marketed to be an improvement for steel guitar, Western Swing, Country, Rockabilly, and any sort of honky-tonk musician who needed a leg up on his loud bandmates. Jazz? Not so much. All of a sudden everyone is playing sus9 chords and soloing with diatonic triads and whatnot, using Teles. What gives?

Well, it is a good, solid (literally and figuratively) guitar. Durable, relatively inexpensive, and versatile. A few guys did use them for jazz way back when, although they usually pried out the neck pickup and routed out a bigger hole for a Les Paul style humbucking pickup. Like Ed Bickert did:

I’ve owned an old Telecaster, and if you select the neck pickup, roll the tone knob way over, and pick it right, the humbuckers are strictly optional for jazz. The folks I’ve seen lately are using their Teles straight out of the box that way.

I chalk the whole thing up to a contrarian mode. Young people want to make trends of their own, whether they make much sense or not. People get tattoos because they know their mothers will think they’re ugly. Well, they think their mothers will think that, but mom has ass antlers, so they have to tattoo their face to get a rise out of her. Everyone staples their house on the ass end of their garage, because otherwise they’d be just like Ozzie and Harriet, man.

The Telecaster is still fairly inexpensive for what you get, and it works fine, even for jazz. Like a snake eating its social media tail, maybe everyone’s playing jazz on a Telecaster because no one is, so everyone is doing it, man. Or maybe I’m in Mexico, and there’s a Fender factory in Mexico, so there’s no eyewatering tariff and import paperwork on one down here, like there is for a Les Paul or a Gibson L5, so they make a luxury out of necessity. Whatever it is, don’t blame me, I’m just the bass player.

And by the way, that bass player has 5 strings on his bass, so he’s forgotten what his job is.

Kitchen Sink Squeeze

Squeeze from 1979, from the Cool for Cats album.

Cool for cats, indeed. That’s only their second album, and they look it. They’re as fresh-faced as high-schoolers in that video. I’m always impressed when musicians are that young and that sophisticated about the songs they write. Mostly the lyrics. Lotsa musicians are capable of playing their instruments like demons and singing like angels before they’re old enough to drink. But writing lyrics, or much of anything literary, is not generally for the young, or the young of heart.

There’s a reason why most rock music is singsong doggerel. Tonight I’m Really Gonna Rock You Tonight shouted over three chords is about right when you’re brimming with hormones and luxuriant of hair. By the time the requisite amount of world-weariness is stored up to say anything really interesting, never mind profound, you’d feel silly still being a rock musician. If you were capable of feeling silly, I mean. Rock music’s HR department generally starts off every interview with, “Are you capable of feeling silly? No? Great, this is the profession for you.”

“Up the junction” is a UK expression. It means something like up the creek without a paddle. It’s interesting that the title of the song, which is generally beaten half to death in the choruses of the average ditty, doesn’t even appear until the last line of the lyrics. And there is no chorus. Notable, that. It just sort of climbs a little staircase of chords to increase the tension in the song as it bumps along.

I’m not put in mind of other musicians when I listen to this. It’s Tony Richardson. He directed well-known Kitchen Sink dramas like Look Back in Anger:

Difford and Tilbrook, Squeeze’s songwriting duo, are too winsome to “eat the scenery” like Richard Burton always does, or take a hard line like John Osborne, who wrote the play Look Back in Anger is based on. But there’s definitely a taste of Kitchen Sink honey in Up the Junction. The examination of working class people, hinting at the inevitability of everything good or bad in a Clapham life, followed by a general disaffection with the life that’s doled out, which leads unerringly to a crackup, is pure Kitchen Sink stuff.

John Osborne’s endless stream of rat-a-tat pissing and moaning could never compete with this couplet:

The devil came and took me
From bar to street to bookie

And Squeeze finishes up with the kind of denouement any writer dreams of writing, and usually misses by a mile:

Alone here in the kitchen
I feel there’s something missing
I’d beg for some forgiveness
But begging’s not my business
And she won’t write a letter
Although I always tell her
And so it’s my assumption
I’m really up the junction

Toe-tapping flash fiction, that.

The One-Hit Wonder Wonder

If we held a One-Hit Wonder Sweepstakes, I’d enter William DeVaughn, place some side bets, and clean up.

Let’s specify the rules for deciding the most wondrous one-hit wonder. First, it has a to be a big hit. It has to come out of every passing car’s radio. It’s got to rule the charts. Second, the artist has to become a trivia question. Nearly immediately is good, but anonymous in real time is even better. I give you: William DeVaughn.

The song was universal in the summer of 1974. Number 1 R&B, Number 4 Billboard. Sold two million records. Obscure artist? You bet. Everyone always thought it was a Curtis Mayfield hit. But even though no one knows William DeVaughn’s name, and prolly never did, I’ll bet a healthy plurality of people to this day start singing along when they hear:

Diamond in the back, sunroof top
Diggin’ the scene with a gangsta lean

Of course everyone has always gotten the line wrong, and sings digging the scene with the gasoline. If you’re wondering what the hell a gangsta lean might mean, allow me to define it for you, because, stewardess, I speak jive. Plop your hand at 12 o’clock on the steering wheel. Fingers are OK, but using your wrist is best. Lean hard to your right, preferably with your elbow on the center console of your Olds 442, or maybe your Caprice Classic. Ideally, your Monte Carlo…

Oh, the hell with it. Just watch Denzel drive.

It’s common for one hit wonders to toil in the vineyards of music for years, banging their heads on various recording studio or barroom walls, until something finally clicks. We could illustrate that with, oh, I don’t know, how about Sugarloaf? They had a big one-hitter with Green-Eyed Lady, but that was after first plowing the musical fields without much of a crop to show for it as The Surfin’ Classics, then The Classics, then The Moonrakers, then Chocolate Hair, and finally Sugarloaf.

Not so our friend William DeVaughn. His previous experience in the music business was, well, not the music business. He was a Jehovah’s Witness. He worked as a draftsman for some government agency or another. I was in the music business for quite some time, in a modest way, of course, but I don’t remember playing with many people who had a T-square and a protractor at home. Well, besides me, I mean.

With a resume like that, it’s hard to break into the music business. William did it the old fashioned way. He paid $900 of his own money to some record producers in Philadelphia to make a demo of A Cadillac Don’t Come Easy, the original title he had for the song. It might not have sounded like something, but apparently it sounded like something that could sound like something. Luckily, they had MFSB hanging around. I’ll let Wiki fill you in who that was:

MFSB, officially standing for “Mother Father Sister Brother”, was a pool of more than 30 studio musicians based at Philadelphia’s Sigma Sound Studios.[2] They worked closely with the production team of Gamble and Huff and producer/arranger Thom Bell, and backed up Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes, the O’Jays, the Stylistics, the Spinners, Wilson Pickett, and Billy Paul.

Some portion of that wild bunch eventually started calling themselves TSOP (The Sound of Philadelphia), and had their first hit with the Soul Train theme. Even if you watched Community Auditions instead of Soul Train when you were nursing a hangover on Saturday mornings, you’ve heard those dudes. That’s them sawing away behind the O’Jay’s in Love Train, among a metric tonne of other hits. They turned William’s idea into a stone groove.

Of course the lyrics confuse everyone, as lyrics often do. They assume William was extolling the gangsta culture, but DeVaughn wasn’t giving a shout out to the various Huggy Bears of the world, who actually drove great, big Cadillacs. His intended audience was regular people who may not have a car at all. So remember, brothers and sisters, you can still stand tall. William DeVaughn said so, and for three minutes and forty five seconds, you could roll down the window, drive slow, and believe it.

Are You a Farmer? Are You a Star?

Wet Willie on the Midnight Special back in 1974. Aw yeah.

To modern ears, the musical production can sound  “thin.” Recent recordings don’t have any dynamics in them anymore. It’s mixed to make every second of it just as loud as every other second. There’s not much air in it anywhere these days. Not so back in the day.

The voices in the video are just straight into an SM 58 microphone with some reverb. I don’t know any singer that could get along like that now. It’s all pitch corrected, and flanged, delayed and chorused, and who knows what-all to make fourteen voices in a cavern out of any old mumbling that goes into the microphone. You can actually hear Jimmy Hall, and the two off-duty stewardesses, singing the song. It’s a bit of a treat. Bar band writ large.

I doubt any of their amplifiers had a direct line out, to go straight into the mixing board to be processed and sent out through the venue’s bigger sound reinforcement system. I remember buying my first bass amp head in the 80s that had a direct out. It made it easy for the sound man to put me straight out of the PA speakers. My amplifier and speaker weren’t hernia-inducing anymore after that. That’s why the Ampeg bass stack you see in the video is five feet high. It’s gotta make enough noise to hold its own with an electrified band, basically unaided. That’s also why it sounds kinda woolly. Playing with a pick doesn’t help.

The guitar player is playing through some kind of Fender amp you can see there on the floor behind the keyboard player, next to the keyboard amp. A Twin, or a Vibrolux or something. It’s got another SM 58 slung over the amp and hanging down in front of the speakers, to feed the mixing board somewhere offstage. That’s Old Skool sound reinforcement right there.

Every drum is miked nowadays, when it’s not entirely a drum machine, anyway. Back then, you can see the drummer has the classic three-mike setup, with one mike pointing at the space between the snare and the hi-hat cymbals, another one pointed at the drum head of the kick drum, placed on the floor in front of it, and a third on a boom overhead that takes care of the floor tom, the mounted tom (there’s only one, how many do you need?), and the ride cymbal. My children were always short of microphones and had the same setup when they recorded or performed live with their own equipment. It’s all you need, really.

Wet Willie is classified as Southern Rock, but I dunno. It’s as good a handle as any, I guess. They were on Capricorn Records, and opened for the Allman Brothers, so. This song itself is kinda unclassifiable.

The band was a bit of a family affair. Jimmy Hall is singing and playing the harp, his brother is playing bass, and his sister Donna Hall is singing backup. The band used to perform supercharged covers of things like That’s All Right Mama by Arthur Big Boy Crudup.

Like a lot of blues songs, Keep on Smilin’ isn’t overtly a happy song. It sneaks up on you. It’s a form of communal hardship, A problem shared is a problem halved, right? It’s a recitation of common woes, and an exhortation not to let them get you down. The verses of the song are sung over a kind of herky-jerky rhythm that’s as disjointed as life’s little foibles. Then he leads into the soaring bridge with the exhortation: Keep. On… and the girls sing like angels with dirty faces and everyone feels better and you can just float away on it if you like.

Jimmy’s outfit, however, is beyond description, never mind explanation, so I won’t attempt it. Are you a farmer? Are you a star? Indeed.

Tag: music

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